• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Cyclone separator (1) for removing particles (2) from a fluid having a guiding device (8) housed in a housing (12) having an inlet (4) and an outlet ( 14), a core (18) housed in the housing (12) and guide vanes (26) between the core (18) and the housing (12). The section (A) of the guiding device (8) traversed by the fluid varies in the direction of passage (6) of the guiding device (8) from the inlet orifice (4) towards the orifice output (14).
    公开号:FR3024840A1
    申请号:FR1557668
    申请日:2015-08-11
    公开日:2016-02-19
    发明作者:Dr Kraxner Michael Prof；Greif Volker Dr；Grein Thomas Dr；Dennis Stark
    申请人:Mann and Hummel GmbH；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a cyclone separator and a filter device equipped with such a cyclone separator, for example for filtering the combustion air supplying an internal combustion engine. STATE OF THE ART Cyclone separators, also referred to simply as cyclones or centrifugal separators, serve to separate solid or liquid particles contained in fluids, in particular gases.
    [0002] Thus, the fluid entering the cyclone separator is guided so that the centrifugal forces accelerate the particles that must be separated from the fluid. To generate the centrifugal forces, guide vanes are generally used which generate a vortex flow in the housing of the cyclone separator.
    [0003] Cyclone separators are for example used as an air filter for filtering the combustion air supplying internal combustion engines. Cyclone separators have become particularly important in a dust-laden environment, such as those used in agricultural machinery or public works machinery. To increase the degree of separation of the dirt particles charging the air or the fluid, multi-stage filter devices have already been proposed. Thus the pre-separation using a cyclone separator is for example followed by a finer filtering with conventional filters. However, this solution results in a higher manufacturing cost and limitations imposed on the location of the filter device integration. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION It would be desirable, taking into account the state of the art, to improve the filter efficiency of cyclone separators, especially when they are used as air filters fitted to internal combustion engines. The present invention aims to develop a cyclone separator having a better yield.
    [0004] DISCLOSURE AND ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION Thus, the subject of the invention is a cyclone separator for separating particles from a fluid comprising a guiding device having a housing with an inlet orifice and an outlet orifice, a core 5 housed in the housing and guide vanes between the core and the housing, the section of the guide device taken by the fluid in the guide device varies in the direction of passage of the guide device from the inlet port in the direction of the outlet. In other words, the invention relates to a centrifugal separator or cyclone separator for separating particles from a fluid. The separator comprises a guiding device having a housing provided with an inlet port and an outlet port and a core housed in the housing and guide vanes between the core and the housing. According to the invention, the surface of the cross-section of the guiding device, the section traversed by the fluid in the guiding device, varies in the direction of passage in the guiding device from the inlet orifice. direction of the outlet. Since the section (also referred to as the section surface) of the guiding device varies in the direction of passage, this makes it possible to influence the speed with which the fluid passes through the separator device and, in particular, to increase this speed to improve the flow rate. degree of separation. The section is located in particular perpendicular to the geometric axis or axis of symmetry of the housing of the guide device. The section is preferably defined as the area between the core, in particular the outside diameter of the core and the wall of the housing, in particular the inside diameter of the housing of the guide device. The cyclone separator is also called centrifugal axial separator or axial cyclone separator. This means that the direction of entry into the separator is the frontal direction and not the tan- gential direction. Such separators are also called in-line cyclones. The cyclone separator is particularly intended for motor vehicles, railway vehicles, aerial vehicles, aquatic vehicles, or in applications in the field of construction or chain or track vehicles.
    [0005] The direction of passage is the direction of the fluid, in particular a gas such as air passing through the cyclone separator or its guiding device. The direction of passage is oriented along the geometric axis of the housing of the cyclone separator.
    [0006] The housing of the guiding device is also called the body of the guiding device. The housing of the cyclone separator preferably consists of two parts, namely the housing of the guide device and another or second housing or housing part. The housing of the guide device and the second housing may be glued, screwed, clipped or otherwise integrally connected. In particular, the housing of the guide device and the second housing can be separated from each other. Alternatively, the housing of the guide device and the second housing are made in one piece. The housing of the guide device is preferably tubular in shape and has a circular section. The housing of the guiding device and / or the second housing are preferably made to have a constant inner section, in particular a constant inner diameter. This means that the preferred inner shape of these housings is cylindrical (cylindrical tubular shape). In particular, the core which may also be called core 20 is positioned in the middle of the housing of the guide device. The guide vanes or guiding elements connect the core to the housing of the guiding device. According to embodiments, the section (area of the section) is defined by an annular shape geometry delimited by the outer surface of the core and the inner surface of the housing. The outer surface of the core and / or the inner surface of the housing may be cylindrical. In particular, the outer surface of the core and / or the inner surface of the housing are conical. According to developments, the housing, the core and the guide vanes are made in one piece (in the same material or in one piece). In particular, the guiding device is a piece of injected plastic material. This allows economical mass production of the guiding device. According to a development, the section decreases in the direction of passage, which makes it possible to increase the speed of the fluid in the cyclone separator and in particular in the guiding device. This improves the efficiency of the separation. According to a development, the core has a cavity provided with an opening facing the outlet orifice. The cavity is preferably in the form of a blind hole extending from the front face of the core towards its tip. This saves material and reduces weight; moreover, this allows the manufacture by injection even for large diameters of the heart. The blind hole has a demolding slope. The tip is preferably hemispherical or curved. The tip is preferably fluid tight. This results in better fluid behavior, better aerodynamics and reduced pressure drop. The tip may protrude from the leading edge of the guide vanes. In particular, the tip may protrude from the outer edge or outer edge of the inlet of the guide device, which means that the tip extends in the opposite direction to the direction of passage or the direction of entry. According to a development, the respective trailing edge of the guide vanes is level with the frontal surface of the core. The guide vanes are preferably flush with the outer edge of the outlet of the guide device. According to another characteristic, the core widens in the direction of passage so that the section of the guide device decreases in the direction of passage. The housing of the guide device may have a circular cross-section of constant area. According to a development, the heart has at least partially a conical shape and the apex angle of the core is preferably equal to 3 °. The angle at the apex or angle of the cone is the angle between the geometric axis of the housing and the outer surface of the core. The angle at the apex is preferably between 0.5 ° and 5 ° and more preferably, this angle is between 1 ° and 4 ° and even more preferably it is between 2 ° and 4 °. ° and 3 ° and in a particularly preferred manner, it is equal to 3 °. According to one development, the housing narrows in the direction of passage. The housing narrows optionally or in addition to the cone-shaped geometry of the heart 3024840. The casing preferably has a conical shape by segment (s). According to a development, the guiding device comprises at least one guide vane which extends over more than one turn 5 of a helical shape. This makes it possible, for example, to improve the centrifugal acceleration in cooperation with the section variation. According to a preferred embodiment, the guide vanes have a multiple overlap, in particular the blades overlap 2, 3, 4 or 5 times, which favors the development of a smooth flow and, moreover, improves the centrifugal acceleration in combination with section variation. The invention also relates to a filter device comprising such a cyclone separator and a fixing device for holding the cyclone separator. The fastening installation may be in the form of a fixing plate. Preferably, the fastening installation is fluid tight. In particular, the filter device comprises a multiplicity of cyclone separators. Cyclone separators can be connected in parallel. Other embodiments of the cyclone separator and / or the filter installation also include unexplained combinations of the features described above and also those of the exemplary embodiments of the cyclone separator and / or filter installation. Drawings The present invention will be described in more detail below with the aid of examples of cyclone separators shown in the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a cyclonic separator, FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view of the cyclone separator along section line AA of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a cyclone separator; FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic sectional view of the cyclone separator of FIG. 3 taken along section line AA, FIG. 5 shows another schematic sectional view of the cyclone separator along section line BB of FIG. 4. Fig. 6 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a filter device; Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the filter device of Fig. 6 taken along line AA, and Fig. 8 is another schem sectional view Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a cyclone separator or centrifugal separator 1. The cyclone separator 1 is a cyclone separator, axial or axial centrifugal separator. The axial cyclone separator or, more simply, the axial cyclone has a frontal and non-tangential entry direction. FIG. 2 is another diagrammatic sectional view of a separator centrifuging along section line AA of FIG. 1. In the remainder of the description, reference will be made at the same time to FIGS. 1 and 2. The cyclone separator 1 is particularly intended for motor vehicles, railway vehicles, aerial vehicles, aquatic machines or for the equipment of buildings, caterpillar or chain vehicles or similar devices. The cyclone separator 1 cleans a fluid loaded with particles 2 to remove particles 2. The fluid is a gas such as air. The particles 2 may be solid particles, such as dust, sand or liquid droplets. According to Figure 1, the charged fluid RO arrives in the cyclone separator 1 in the direction of the arrow. After having passed through the cyclone separator 1, the cleaned air RL exits the cyclone separator 1. The particles 2 are separated from the charged fluid RO and are discharged laterally from the cyclone separator 1. The cyclone separator 1 has a tubular body 3 with an ori 4 and an outlet orifice 5. The direction of passage 6 of the cyclone separator 1 goes from the inlet orifice 4 towards the outlet orifice 5. The housing 3 has a geometric axis 7 or longitudinal axis or axis of symmetry.
    [0007] The cyclone separator 1 further comprises a guiding device 8 which is indicated only schematically in FIG. 1. The guiding device 8 accelerates the fluid RO charged with particles 2 in order to separate the particles 2 from the charged fluid RO and to allow Separately removing the particles 2 and the cleaned fluid RL coming out of the body 3. The guiding device 8 comprises a housing not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a core 18 installed in the housing and guide vanes or elements of the housing. guide 26 between the core 18 and the housing. The casing of the guiding apparatus 8 can be made in one piece with the casing 3 of the cyclone separator 1. The cyclone separator 1 comprises a plunger tube 9 coming from the outlet orifice 5 in the direction of the orifice d inlet 4 in the housing 3. The plunger tube 9 may have a conical geometric shape. The plunger tube 9 has a minimum diameter of 1. The minimum diameter of the plunger tube is located at the end in the direction of the inlet port 4 on the plunger tube. The housing of the guide apparatus 8 has an outside diameter d2 greater than the diameter d 1 of the dip tube. The core 18 has a base diameter d3. The base diameter d3 is preferably smaller than the diameter d 1 of the dip tube.
    [0008] The end segment 10 of the body 3 opposite the guide device 8 has a particle exit window 11 or particle outlet port 11. The particle outlet port 11 has a depth hi and occupies An angular sector (a) around the geometric axis 7. The particle outlet orifice 11 makes it possible to discharge the particles 2. The particles 2 fall from the cyclone separator 1 by gravity or they can be sucked off actively. The plunger tube 9 enters the body 3 from the outlet orifice 5 to a depth h2. The front edge of the plunger tube 9 is at the distance h3 from the guiding device 8. The guiding device 30 has a height h4. The height h4 of the guiding device 8 is taken with respect to the median axis 7 on a segment in which the guide waters pass around the core. This can also be called "length of the guide device 8". The guiding device 8 is spaced from the distance h5 from the outlet orifice 5.
    [0009] FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic front view of another embodiment of a cyclone separator 1. FIG. 4 is a schematic axial sectional view of the cyclone separator 1 along the sectional plane AA of FIG. 3. FIG. 5 is another schematic sectional view of the cyclone separator 1 cut along the sectional plane BB of FIG. 4. In the following description, reference will be made at the same time to FIGS. 3 to 5. The cyclone separator 1 has a tubular body 3 with an inlet port 4 and an outlet port 5. The body 3 can be made in two parts. Preferably, the body 3 is nevertheless made in one piece. The body 3 of the centrifugal separator 1 comprises a first housing segment, that is to say a guide apparatus housing or housing 12 of the guide apparatus 8 and a second segment 13. The body segments 12, 13 may be connected to each other by clipping, welding, gluing or other means of connection. The guiding apparatus housing 12 has an inlet port 4 and an outlet port 14. The plunger tube 9 enters the second segment 13 of the body; the dip tube has an outlet port 5. The guide device 8 comprises the housing 12 or vice versa. The inner diameter d2 of the guide apparatus housing 12 and the second housing segment 13 is, for example, between 10 and 100 millimeters. The end segment 10 of the second housing segment 13 opposite the guiding device 8 comprises the plunger tube 9. The plunger tube 9 may have a conical shape or, as shown in FIG. 4, be constituted by a body The plunger tube 9 penetrates into the internal volume 16 of the body 3, in particular the second segment 13. The plunger tube 9 is for example made in one piece. piece by gluing, crimping, clipping or similar means to the plate 17 fixing the plunger tube 9 in its position in the internal volume 16 of the body 3. The plunger tube 9 penetrates towards the guiding device 8 from the 5 or from the plate 17 to a depth of penetration h2 towards the guide device 8. The plunger tube 9 and the body 3 are made in two parts. Alternatively, the dip tube 9 and the body 3 can also be made in one piece.
    [0010] The end segment 10 of the body 3, in particular the second housing segment 13 provided on the end segment 10, provides the particle outlet orifice 11. The particle outlet orifice 11 makes it possible to evacuate the particles 2 which have been separated from the charged air 5 RO, radially relative to the axis 7 of the housing 3. The particle outlet orifice 11 has a depth hi and corresponds to an angular segment a. The guiding device 8 comprises a hub or core 18. The core 18 is symmetrical in rotation with respect to the geometric axis 7. The core 18 comprises a cavity 19 having an opening 20 oriented toward the orifice of output 5 or 14. The cavity 19 is in particular a blind hole extending towards the inlet orifice 4. The opening 20 is located in the front surface 21 of the first end segment of the core 18.
    [0011] The core 18 has a tip 22 not facing the outlet 14. The tip 22 is preferably fluid tight. The tip 22 is in particular a cup-shaped or spherical shape and can be made in one piece with the material of the core 18. The cavity 19 preferably arrives in the tip 22. The tip 22 can be level with the outer edge 23 of the inlet orifice 4. In a variant, the tip 22 projects from the outer edge 23 as shown in FIG. 4. The core 18 preferably has a conical shape with an outer surface 24. According to FIG. Figure 4, the outer surface 24 is inclined relative to the geometric axis 7 at an apex angle p.
    [0012] The 1: 3 apex angle (angle of the cone) is the angle between the geometric axis 7 and the outer surface 24. The angle 1: 3 is preferably between 0.50 and 50 and even more preferably, it is between 10 and 40 and in a particularly preferred manner, it is between 2 ° and 3 ° and very preferably it is equal to 3 °. This means that the section of the core 18 increases in the direction of passage 6. The end segment opposite the tip 22 of the core 18 has a diameter d4. The diameter d4 is greater than the diameter d3 of the tip 22. In addition to the variation in section of the surface traversed by the fluid stream, it also facilitates the extraction of the guiding positive portion 8 as injected part, from the mold used to manufacture it, if the apex angle θ is greater than 0.5 °. The section (section surface) A of the guiding device 8 of the cyclone separator 1 according to FIG. 3 has an annular geometrical shape delimited by the outer surface 24 of the core 18 and by the inner surface 25 of the body 12. of the guide device 8. The surface A of the section varies in the direction of passage 6 because the core 18 has a conical shape. In particular, the surface A of the section decreases in the direction of passage 6 from the inlet orifice 4 in the direction of the outlet orifice 14 of the guiding device 8. represented by the cyclone separator 1, the core 18 may have a constant section. In this embodiment of the cyclone separator 1, the section of the body 12 of the guide device 8 decreases from the inlet port 4 in the direction of the outlet orifice 14. The core 18 may also have a conical shape as shown in Figure 4. In addition to the heart 18, the guide device 8 comprises guide elements or guide vanes 26. The number of guide vanes 26 is arbitrary. As shown in FIGS. 3-5, the guiding device 8 may comprise six guide vanes or guide vanes 26. Each guide vane 26 has a leading edge 27 (FIG. 4) and a trailing edge 28 (FIG. ). The leading edge 27 is oriented toward the inlet port 4. The trailing edge 28 is oriented toward the outlet port 14 or 5. The trailing edge 28 of each guide vane 26 is preferably the level with the front surface 21 of the core 18. The leading edges 27 are preferably recessed with respect to the outer edge 23 of the inlet opening 4. The guide vanes 26 preferably have an overlap multiple, for example at least 2, 3, 4 or 5 times, this means that there is no gap between the guide vanes 26 in the direction of passage 6. In particular, There is always a superposition of three guide vanes 26. Each guide vane 26 thus passes between a helical line provided on the hub 18 and an outer helical line provided on the inner surface 25 of the body 12 of the guiding device 8. 26 has a helical pattern around the heart 18. Preferably erential, the housing 12 of the guiding device, the core 18 and the guide vanes 26 are made in one piece. In particular, the guiding apparatus 8 is a one-piece component of injected plastic material. As the section A of the guiding device 8 decreases in the direction of passage 6 between the inlet orifice 4 in the direction of the outlet orifice 14 or 5, the fluid loaded RO to be cleaned is accelerated through the separator. of fluid 1 and thus has a higher degree of particle separation 2. Figure 6 schematically shows a view of an embodiment of a filter device 29. Figure 7 is a schematic sectional view of the device of FIG. filter 29 cut along the sectional plane AA of FIG. 6. FIG. 8 is another diagrammatic sectional view of the filter device 29 along the section plane BB of FIG. 6. In the following description, FIG. refer to figures 6-8 taken at the same time. The filter device 29 comprises one and preferably more than one cyclone separator 1. The number of cyclone separators 1 is arbitrary. As shown in FIGS. 6-8, the filter device 29 has two centrifugal separators 1. The cores 18 of the centrifugal separators are at a distance h6 from each other. Preferably, the parallel geometric axes 7 are spaced from the distance h6.
    [0013] The filter device 29 also includes a fastening device 30 for holding the cyclone separator 1. The fastening device 30 may be constituted by a fixing plate. The fixing device 30 also comprises, for example, a housing 31 receiving the cyclone separator 1. The housing 31 may comprise fixing means 32-35. The fixing means 32-35 are for example fixing lugs. The fixing means 32-35 may comprise a bore for screwing the filter device 29, for example in a vehicle. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the fastening device 30 has a flange 36 protruding laterally from the housing 31 and having a particle exit window 37 or particulate outlet port 37 connected to the particle outlet ports 11. (Fig. 8) of the cyclone separator 1. As shown in Fig. 8, the plate 17 of the plunger tube 9 is flush with the trim plate 38 of the housing 31. Between the trim plate 38 and the tube plate plunger 17 there is a seal, for example an O-ring. The plunger tube 9 may have a flared shape or trumpet shape. The plunger tube 9 has a wall thickness (b). The thickness (b) of the wall is for example equal to 1 mm.
    [0014] The housing segment 13 is, for example, conically shaped and widens towards the outlet orifice 5. As a variant, the housing segment or body segment 13 may decrease towards the outlet orifice 5. Preferably, the segment 13 widens or narrows at an angle (-y). The segment 13 may have at least partially a conical shape.
    [0015] The angle (y) according to the sectional view of the second segment 13 is the angle between the walls of the segment 13. The body, in particular the body 12 of the guide device 8 to a peripheral flange 39. This flange 39 is applied against the trim plate 40 of the housing 31. An O-ring may be provided between the trim plate and the flange 39. The cyclone separator 1 has a better efficiency than the known cyclone separators due to the particular guiding device having a section A variable.
    [0016] 3024841 13 NOMENCLATURE OF MAIN ELEMENTS 1 Cyclone Separator 2 Particles 5 3 Tubular Body 4 Inlet Orifice 5 Outlet Port 6 Travel Direction 7 Axis 10 8 Guide 9 Dip Tube 10 End Segment 11 Particulate Orifice 12 Body / housing 15 13 Body segment 14 Direction 15 Direction 16 Internal volume 17 Plunger tube 20 18 Core 19 Cavity 20 Opening 21 Front surface 22 Tip 25 23 Outer edge 24 Outer surface 25 Interior surface 26 Guide tube 27 Edge of Attack 30 28 Trailing edge 29 Filter device 30 Fastener 31 Housing 32-35 Fastener 35 36 Flange
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [0001]
    1) cyclone separator (1) for separating the particles (2) from a fluid having a guiding device (8) having a housing (12) with an inlet (4) and an outlet (14) , a core (18) housed in the housing (12) and guide vanes (26) between the core (18) and the housing (12), the section (A) of the guiding device (8) traversed by the fluid in the guiding device (8) varies in the direction of passage (6) of the guiding device (8) from the inlet (4) towards the outlet (14).
    [0002]
    Cyclonic separator according to Claim 1, characterized in that the section (A) is defined by an annular-shaped geometry delimited by the outer surface (24) of the core (18) and the inner surface (25) of the housing ( 12).
    [0003]
    3 °) cyclone separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing (12), the core (18) and the guide vanes (26) are in one piece.
    [0004]
    4 °) cyclone separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the section (A) decreases in the direction of passage (6).
    [0005]
    Cyclonic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the core (18) has a cavity (19) having an opening (20) directed towards the outlet (14).
    [0006]
    6. Cyclone separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the trailing edge (28) of the guide vanes (26) is flush with the front surface (21) of the core (18). Cyclonic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the core (18) flares in the direction of passage (6). Cyclonic separator according to claim 7, characterized in that the core (18) has a conical shape at least in segments and the apex angle (13) of the core (18) is preferably equal to 3 °. Cyclonic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing (12) decreases in the direction of passage (6). Cyclonic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the guiding device (8) comprises at least one guide vane (26) which extends over more than one complete turn of a helical shape. 11 °) cyclone separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide vanes (26) overlap several times, in particular at least 2, 3, 4 or 5 times. 12 °) filter device (29) comprising at least one cyclone separator (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9 and an attachment device (30) for holding the cyclone separator (1).
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20160047342A1|2016-02-18|
    FR3024840B1|2021-04-09|
    DE102015008525A1|2016-02-18|
    CN105370456A|2016-03-02|
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    优先权:
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    DE102014011784|2014-08-12|
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